Ask and you shall recieve. Here is a link to the research findings of Dr. Timothy Hovanec, Chief Science Officer of Marineland Labs. http://www.marineland.com/science/nspira.asp The articles are spread throughout a few different pages so you will need to follow the links around for different information. Additionally, Bio-Spira has a shelf life/expiration date and requires refridgeration. The bacteria are packaged/stored in a dormant state and require very little to survive. How things survive in a dormant state for several months? I have no clue, but they do. Just look at the African Lungfish, which creates a mud shell encasing itself where it will survive for several months in a bone dry riverbed until the rainy season returns.crazie.eddie said: