I use Penn Plax Cascade heaters. Hagen Elite heaters are also good. Both come in 25w which is fine for a 1gal kritter keeper. I believe you can get both from amazon too.
Glass surfing in itself isn't that bad. He's just getting used to his new surroundings. But if he's rubbing on things then keep an eye on him because it could mean parasites.
Turning off the filter for more than 6 hours kills off your good bacteria but since your filter is so new, it doesn't have any bacteria so it's safe to turn it back on. But if you turn off an established filter and all the bacteria dies, then when you turn it on the dead bacteria is dispersed into the water where it creates ammonia.
I know a lot of people have the little Spongebob pineapple decorations. If you are worried about sharp edges, you can just sand them down like you suggested. Otherwise, everyone I know of seems happy with them.
A bacteria bloom happens in tanks that have just been set up and are going through the cycling process OR if you seriously overfeed your tank, which shouldn't happen with just one betta. It's literally a cloud of microscopic bacteria. The best way to get rid of it is to do a water change and cut back on feedings and turn the tank light off for a day or two.
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