That is what I surmised when you PM'd me. Those are roots from adventitious plants forming on the leaves.
To your other question in the PM, Dwarf Sagittaria is not a foreground plant/substrate cover, as it can get quite tall. Check the profile. I have it in a couple tanks. The pygmy chain remains smaller.
For now, leave them alone. As the adventitious plants get larger, you can remove them (they pull off fairly easily) and attach the little plants to wood or rock. Or leave them, they can look rather nice if left attached, though some might break away on their own.
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